Since Donald Trump’s return to power, US trade policy has taken a marked protectionist turn, characterized by a series of tariffs imposed on numerous trading partners. This strategy, described by some observers as strategic uncertainty, aims to strengthen the United States’ economic position while exerting pressure on its partners.

An Unprecedented Tariff Escalation

On April 2, 2025, President Trump signed Executive Order 14257, imposing additional tariffs on a wide range of imported products. Among the most notable measures:

• An additional 34% tariff on Chinese products, adding to the 20% already in place, bringing the total to 54%.
• Tariffs of 25% on steel and aluminum from Canada and Mexico.
• Tariffs ranging from 10% to 46% on imports from several other countries, including traditional allies such as the European Union, Japan, and South Korea.

These measures were justified by the Trump administration as necessary to protect American industries and reduce the trade deficit. However, they were also perceived as an attempt to redefine international trade relations in favor of the United States.

International Reactions and Heightened Tensions

China reacted strongly to these new tariffs, urging the United States to “immediately rescind” the unilateral tariffs and promising to retaliate in defense of its “rights and interests.” In response, Beijing increased its own tariffs on US products, particularly targeting the agricultural and technology sectors.

Other trading partners, such as Canada, Mexico, and the European Union, have also expressed their dissatisfaction and are considering retaliatory measures. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced 25% tariffs on 155 billion USD worth of US goods.

Economic Impact and Uncertainties

The increase in tariffs and the instability of trade policies have raised concerns about their impact on the global economy. The rating agency Fitch warned that these measures could weigh on US growth in 2025 due to rising production costs and uncertainty for businesses.

US companies, particularly in the automotive, food, and technology sectors, have expressed concerns about rising costs. Some are considering passing these costs on to consumers, while others are seeking alternatives to minimize the impact.

A Strategy of Strategic Uncertainty

The Trump administration’s approach appears to be part of a strategy aimed at keeping its trading partners vulnerable and strengthening the United States’ negotiating position. This tactic, while potentially effective in the short term, carries significant risks for global economic stability and international relations.

As trade tensions continue to escalate, it remains to be seen whether this strategy will bear fruit or lead to lasting economic and diplomatic consequences for the United States and its partners.