{"id":82335,"date":"2024-10-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-10T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.capmad.com\/internet-a-madagascar-evolution-et-infrastructure\/"},"modified":"2024-10-11T23:00:23","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T20:00:23","slug":"internet-a-madagascar-evolution-et-infrastructure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.capmad.com\/fr\/technologie-fr\/internet-a-madagascar-evolution-et-infrastructure\/","title":{"rendered":"Internet \u00e0 Madagascar : \u00e9volution et infrastructure"},"content":{"rendered":"

Internet s\u2019implante \u00e0 Madagascar en 1995, mais son expansion s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8re en 2010 avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des c\u00e2bles sous-marins. Depuis, l\u2019acc\u00e8s s\u2019\u00e9largit avec un taux de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration atteignant 79,47 %. La transition num\u00e9rique s\u2019intensifie, port\u00e9e par cette connectivit\u00e9 accrue. Cependant, l\u2019infrastructure fixe reste insuffisante pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins croissants, malgr\u00e9 une demande toujours plus forte.<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Adoption croissante de l\u2019internet mobile<\/h2>\n

L\u2019ARTEC recense plus de 9,6 millions d\u2019abonn\u00e9es aux services internet mobile \u00e0 Madagascar en 2023, contre 4,9 millions l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. Ces chiffres traduisent une adoption rapide, bien que l\u2019observatoire ne pr\u00e9cise pas si ce total concerne les utilisateurs individuels ou simplement les cartes SIM actives. Le choix d\u2019analyser l\u2019internet mobile plut\u00f4t que fixe repose sur une m\u00e9thodologie plus fiable. L\u2019internet fixe permettant la connexion de plusieurs personnes via un seul abonnement, faussant ainsi les estimations.<\/p>\n

Croissance du trafic et r\u00e9duction des prix<\/h3>\n

Sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, la consommation de data mobile grimpe de 49,07 %, le trafic passant de 127 684 To \u00e0 190 339 To. Cette hausse s’explique en partie par la baisse des co\u00fbts, avec un prix moyen de 5,56 MGA\/Mo en 2022, soit l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de 0,0012 USD. Malgr\u00e9 ces progr\u00e8s, le taux d\u2019adoption de l\u2019internet reste inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la moyenne africaine, situ\u00e9e \u00e0 40 %. Toutefois, la vitesse de connexion \u00e0 Madagascar d\u00e9passe celle des pays comme le Kenya ou l\u2019\u00c9gypte, selon des barom\u00e8tres locaux.<\/p>\n

Comparatif entre l\u2019abonnement \u00e0 l\u2019internet mobile et fixe<\/h3>\n

L\u2019adoption massive de l\u2019internet mobile refl\u00e8te une d\u00e9mocratisation rapide sur la Grande \u00cele. En revanche, les abonnements aux connexions fixes progressent lentement. En 2014, l\u2019ARTEC d\u00e9nombrait 24 835 abonnements fixes, contre 38 141 en 2023. Bien que ces chiffres augmentent, l\u2019internet mobile cro\u00eet beaucoup plus rapidement, avec un quadruplement des abonnements en 2021. Le foss\u00e9 entre les deux types de connexion persiste, d\u00e9montrant une nette pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l\u2019internet mobile, plus accessible et plus facilement d\u00e9ployable sur le territoire malgache.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Op\u00e9rateurs \u00e9troitement li\u00e9s \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile<\/h2>\n

Madagascar compte actuellement cinq fournisseurs de connexion internet, dont trois \u00e9galement actifs dans le r\u00e9seau t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique. En 2023, les services Data Mobile g\u00e9n\u00e8rent 172 milliards MGA de revenus, d\u00e9passant l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de 37 millions USD. Une hausse de 37,4 % par rapport \u00e0 l’ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. Parall\u00e8lement, les abonnements \u00e0 l\u2019internet fixe et la vente d\u2019\u00e9quipements affichent une progression de 17 %, atteignant 39 milliards MGA de chiffre d\u2019affaires.<\/p>\n

Prix et forfait internet : De plus en plus accessibles<\/h3>\n

L’internet mobile pr\u00e9domine gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa flexibilit\u00e9 et \u00e0 son co\u00fbt plus abordable. En revanche, l\u2019internet fixe cro\u00eet plus lentement. Cela est attribuable aux tarifs encore \u00e9lev\u00e9s, cons\u00e9quence du monopole de certains fournisseurs d\u2019acc\u00e8s. Ces co\u00fbts incluent les \u00e9quipements n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019installation d\u2019une box fixe, ainsi que les contrats \u00e0 dur\u00e9e d\u00e9termin\u00e9e. Malgr\u00e9 ces obstacles, le d\u00e9veloppement de l’internet fixe reste essentiel pour assurer une connectivit\u00e9 stable et performante, cruciale pour le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique du pays.<\/p>\n

Starlink : Nouveau fournisseur de la connexion illimit\u00e9e<\/h3>\n

L‘arriv\u00e9e de Starlink<\/a> <\/span>\u00e0 Madagascar bouleverse le paysage des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications. Ce projet d\u2019Elon Musk propose une connexion haut d\u00e9bit par satellite, notamment dans les zones mal desservies. Contrairement aux offres locales, Starlink ne requiert pas de contrat d\u2019engagement \u00e0 long terme. Sa technologie, r\u00e9sistante aux intemp\u00e9ries, garantit une connexion illimit\u00e9e \u00e0 faible latence, r\u00e9pondant aux besoins de nombreuses r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n

Acc\u00e8s in\u00e9gal \u00e0 Internet<\/h2>\n

L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019internet \u00e0 Madagascar demeure marqu\u00e9 par d\u2019importantes in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales et territoriales. La pauvret\u00e9 touche 80,7 % de la population en 2023 avec un seuil de revenu quotidien \u00e0 12,5 USD.\u00a0 Cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 limite l\u2019acc\u00e8s des m\u00e9nages les plus modestes \u00e0 des \u00e9quipements comme les ordinateurs. Cependant, le taux de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration de la t\u00e9l\u00e9phonie mobile a fortement augment\u00e9 de 79,47 % entre 2022 et 2023, t\u00e9moignant d\u2019une croissance rapide dans ce secteur.<\/p>\n

Disparit\u00e9 territoriale tr\u00e8s marqu\u00e9e<\/h3>\n

La r\u00e9partition de la couverture internet demeure in\u00e9gale \u00e0 travers le territoire malgache. Le r\u00e9seau 5G, arriv\u00e9 en 2023 \u00e0 Madagascar, compte 28 sites install\u00e9s dans 6 communes nouvellement desservies. N\u00e9anmoins, la 4G, avec 3568 sites, demeure la technologie la plus d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e. Selon les donn\u00e9es de l’ARTEC, 68 % du territoire b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d’une couverture 4G.<\/p>\n

Certaines r\u00e9gions du Centre et du Nord, comme Analamanga, Diana, Itasy et Boeny, d\u00e9passent les 90 % de couverture. Cela d\u00e9montre une infrastructure plus dense, en partie due \u00e0 leur forte population et activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique. \u00c0 l’inverse, certaines r\u00e9gions, comme Androy, connaissent une couverture nettement plus faible. Ces zones affichent des taux inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 35 %, illustrant les d\u00e9fis d’infrastructure et de connectivit\u00e9 dans les r\u00e9gions plus \u00e9loign\u00e9es et moins peupl\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Vers une inclusion num\u00e9rique plus large<\/h3>\n

La disparit\u00e9 entre le Nord et le Sud met en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019urgence d\u2019une politique de d\u00e9veloppement num\u00e9rique plus \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e. Pour combler ces \u00e9carts, plus de 235 nouvelles installations de sites 4G sont pr\u00e9vues pour 2024, principalement dans les zones d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es. Ce d\u00e9ploiement est crucial pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019inclusion num\u00e9rique et stimuler le d\u00e9veloppement socio-\u00e9conomique de l\u2019ensemble du pays.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Internet s\u2019implante \u00e0 Madagascar en 1995, mais son expansion s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8re en 2010 avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des c\u00e2bles sous-marins. Depuis, l\u2019acc\u00e8s s\u2019\u00e9largit avec un taux de p\u00e9n\u00e9tration atteignant\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":82337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7963],"tags":[],"location":[7969],"class_list":["post-82335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologie-fr","location-afrique-australe-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nInternet \u00e0 Madagascar : \u00e9volution et infrastructure<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Internet \u00e0 Madagascar : \u00e9volution et infrastructure\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Internet s\u2019implante \u00e0 Madagascar en 1995, mais son expansion s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8re en 2010 avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des c\u00e2bles sous-marins. 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