{"id":103803,"date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.capmad.com\/ethiopie-usa-pression-americaine-pour-approfondir-les-reformes\/"},"modified":"2026-01-30T23:00:44","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T20:00:44","slug":"ethiopie-usa-pression-americaine-pour-approfondir-les-reformes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.capmad.com\/fr\/economie-fr\/ethiopie-usa-pression-americaine-pour-approfondir-les-reformes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9thiopie &#8211; USA : Pression am\u00e9ricaine pour approfondir les r\u00e9formes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Washington pousse l\u2019\u00c9thiopie \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer et approfondir ses r\u00e9formes macro\u00e9conomiques, estimant que les premiers r\u00e9sultats sont encourageants mais encore insuffisants pour ancrer durablement la stabilit\u00e9 et la croissance inclusive. Au c\u0153ur des discussions : la consolidation budg\u00e9taire, la lib\u00e9ralisation du march\u00e9 des changes, la r\u00e9forme fiscale et l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du climat des affaires pour attirer davantage d\u2019investissements priv\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<h2>Un dialogue de haut niveau Addis &#8211; Washington<\/h2>\n<p>Fin janvier 2026, le ministre \u00e9thiopien des Finances Ahmed Shide a tenu \u00e0 Addis-Abeba des discussions de haut niveau avec des responsables am\u00e9ricains sur l\u2019\u00e9tat des r\u00e9formes et les perspectives de coop\u00e9ration \u00e9conomique. Les \u00e9changes ont port\u00e9 sur le programme de r\u00e9formes en cours, le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019investissement, ainsi que la trajectoire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019\u00e9conomie \u00e9thiopienne, alors que le pays b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u2019un appui du FMI et d\u2019autres partenaires multilat\u00e9raux.<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00c9tats-Unis saluent les progr\u00e8s enregistr\u00e9s (d\u00e9sinflation, am\u00e9lioration des exportations, renforcement des r\u00e9serves de change), tout en appelant \u00e0 maintenir \u2013 voire intensifier \u2013 l\u2019effort de r\u00e9forme pour consolider ces premiers gains.<\/p>\n<h2>Des r\u00e9formes macro\u00e9conomiques jug\u00e9es \u00ab prometteuses \u00bb<\/h2>\n<p>Le FMI souligne que la performance macro\u00e9conomique de l\u2019\u00c9thiopie d\u00e9passe les attentes du programme : la croissance r\u00e9elle est projet\u00e9e autour de 9,3% en 2025\/26, l\u2019inflation recule nettement par rapport aux niveaux sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 30%, et les r\u00e9serves de change se redressent. Des r\u00e9formes-cl\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9es sur :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le march\u00e9 des changes, avec des interventions discr\u00e9tionnaires limit\u00e9es et un r\u00f4le central donn\u00e9 aux adjudications de devises, pr\u00e9lude \u00e0 un v\u00e9ritable march\u00e9 interbancaire.<\/li>\n<li>La mobilisation des recettes int\u00e9rieures, via des r\u00e9formes fiscales et douani\u00e8res visant \u00e0 porter les recettes publiques \u00e0 un niveau compatible avec les besoins de financement.<\/li>\n<li>La restructuration de la dette et la discipline budg\u00e9taire, pour contenir le d\u00e9ficit et maintenir sa soutenabilit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces avanc\u00e9es constituent, pour Washington comme pour le FMI, un signal positif pour les investisseurs, mais elles doivent \u00eatre consolid\u00e9es dans la dur\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce que Washington demande de plus \u00e0 Addis-Abeba<\/h2>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 les progr\u00e8s, les \u00c9tats-Unis et les institutions financi\u00e8res internationales insistent sur plusieurs points de vigilance :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poursuivre la lib\u00e9ralisation du change et r\u00e9duire les distorsions entre march\u00e9 officiel et march\u00e9 parall\u00e8le, afin de restaurer pleinement la confiance dans le birr.<\/li>\n<li>Renforcer encore la discipline budg\u00e9taire, notamment en ma\u00eetrisant les d\u00e9penses et en alignant le budget sur les engagements pris dans le cadre du programme FMI.<\/li>\n<li>Acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la r\u00e9forme des subventions, en particulier celles sur les carburants, tout en prot\u00e9geant les programmes sociaux et les filets de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour les m\u00e9nages vuln\u00e9rables.<\/li>\n<li>Am\u00e9liorer le climat des affaires : gouvernance des entreprises publiques, ouverture du secteur financier, cadre r\u00e9glementaire plus pr\u00e9visible pour le secteur priv\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pour Washington, le maintien d\u2019un cap r\u00e9formateur cr\u00e9dible conditionne la poursuite et l\u2019ampleur du soutien financier, technique et commercial accord\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9thiopie.<\/p>\n<h2>Des r\u00e9formes aux impacts sociaux contrast\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Les autorit\u00e9s \u00e9thiopiennes reconnaissent que ces r\u00e9formes, souvent inspir\u00e9es des standards Washington Consensus, ont un co\u00fbt social non n\u00e9gligeable, en particulier dans un contexte d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 interne et de tensions sur le pouvoir d\u2019achat. La d\u00e9valuation forte du birr, la r\u00e9duction progressive de certaines subventions et la hausse de la fiscalit\u00e9 p\u00e8sent sur les m\u00e9nages et les petites entreprises, ce qui alimente un d\u00e9bat interne sur le rythme et la nature des ajustements.<\/p>\n<p>Le d\u00e9fi pour Addis-Abeba consiste donc \u00e0 continuer \u00e0 stabiliser le cadre macro\u00e9conomique. Tout en renfor\u00e7ant les filets de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale et les politiques d\u2019emplois, afin que les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de la croissance et des r\u00e9formes soient effectivement partag\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<h2>En toile de fond : un enjeu g\u00e9opolitique<\/h2>\n<p>En poussant l\u2019\u00c9thiopie \u00e0 davantage de r\u00e9formes macro\u00e9conomiques, Washington cherche aussi \u00e0 conforter un partenaire strat\u00e9gique en Afrique de l\u2019Est, dans un environnement r\u00e9gional fragile mais \u00e0 fort potentiel de croissance. Une \u00c9thiopie \u00e9conomiquement stabilis\u00e9e, capable d\u2019attirer des investissements am\u00e9ricains et internationaux, est per\u00e7ue comme un pilier de la stabilit\u00e9 r\u00e9gionale et un contrepoids aux influences concurrentes.<\/p>\n<p>Pour Addis-Abeba, l\u2019enjeu est de tirer parti de cet int\u00e9r\u00eat \u2013 am\u00e9ricain et multilat\u00e9ral \u2013 pour financer son d\u00e9veloppement, tout en gardant une marge de man\u0153uvre souveraine dans la d\u00e9finition du rythme, du contenu et de la dimension sociale de ses r\u00e9formes \u00e9conomiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Washington pousse l\u2019\u00c9thiopie \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer et approfondir ses r\u00e9formes macro\u00e9conomiques, estimant que les premiers r\u00e9sultats sont encourageants mais encore insuffisants pour ancrer durablement la stabilit\u00e9 et<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":103805,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7951],"tags":[],"location":[7961],"class_list":["post-103803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie-fr","location-afrique-de-lest-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00c9thiopie - USA : Pression am\u00e9ricaine pour approfondir les r\u00e9formes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c9thiopie - USA : Pression am\u00e9ricaine pour approfondir les r\u00e9formes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Washington pousse l\u2019\u00c9thiopie \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer et approfondir ses r\u00e9formes macro\u00e9conomiques, estimant que les premiers r\u00e9sultats sont encourageants mais encore insuffisants pour ancrer durablement la stabilit\u00e9 et\u2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Capmad.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-29T21:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-30T20:00:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/capmad.lon1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Direct20traffic20meta20thumbnail_Plan20de20travail201.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"5000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2613\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Eric RAKOTONIAINA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Eric RAKOTONIAINA\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.capmad.com\/economy-en\/ethiopie-usa-pression-americaine-pour-approfondir-les-reformes\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.capmad.com\/economy-en\/ethiopie-usa-pression-americaine-pour-approfondir-les-reformes\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Eric RAKOTONIAINA\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.capmad.com\/#\/schema\/person\/8a2a9115b7b7734af0bf2e0527de8b01\"},\"headline\":\"\u00c9thiopie &#8211; 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